“Science Cities” : Science Campuses and Clusters in 21st Century Metropolises

Creating science campuses that draw on an exchange of knowledge generated by different disciplines is a major focus for all cities seeking to attract innovative and creative R&D activities to their regions. These places are widely viewed as essential resources for the development of high-tech business clusters, which are pathways to value creation and highly qualified jobs. Yet this is not always the case, as demonstrated by the mixed results in terms of start-up and jobs creations at the large Adlershof project in Berlin, or the problematic gestation experienced by the Saclay technopole development for twenty years.