Ground access to large European airports

Thanks to extensive road transport connections, all major European airports provide public transport services that meet the demands of users to a greater or lesser extent. This is evident in the wide variations in public transport usage by air passengers.
Meeting the transport needs of airports is a recurring question faced by a large number of airport and local authorities worldwide. Private transport is the most popular mode of transport, which contributes to the saturation of nearby car traffic often already under severe pressure. Faced with these challenges, most airport authorities are looking at ways to increase public transport usage by air passengers to at least 50%. An analysis matching ground transport services with the preferred transport mode of users of major European airports highlights the extent to which public transport access affects passenger behaviour.